Chronic Kidney Disease

CKD

A gradual loss of kidney function over months or years, often caused by diabetes or hypertension, that can progress to kidney failure.

Chronic kidney disease affects approximately 15% of US adults and is a leading cause of end-stage renal disease. The primary goals of management are to slow progression and prevent cardiovascular complications. ACE inhibitors or ARBs reduce proteinuria and slow progression; SGLT2 inhibitors have demonstrated nephroprotective effects independent of glycemic control.