Vaginal Discharge

What is it?

Vaginal discharge is a normal physiological phenomenon — the vagina is a self-cleaning organ that produces clear to white mucus that changes with the menstrual cycle. Abnormal discharge is characterized by change in color (yellow, green, grey, thick white), odor (fishy, yeasty), or consistency (cottage cheese, frothy). Bacterial vaginosis is the most common cause (40–50% of vaginal complaints in women of reproductive age), presenting with thin grey-white discharge and a fishy odor. Vulvovaginal candidiasis (yeast infection) causes thick, white, cottage cheese–like discharge with vulvar itching. Trichomoniasis is an STI presenting with frothy yellow-green discharge and odor. Cervicitis from gonorrhea or chlamydia can be asymptomatic or produce mucopurulent discharge.

Common causes

When to see a doctor

• 1Discharge with strong fishy or yeasty odor — likely infection requiring treatment
• 2Green, grey, or frothy yellow discharge — possible STI
• 3Discharge accompanied by pelvic pain, fever, or dyspareunia — evaluate for PID
• 4Postmenopausal vaginal discharge — requires evaluation to exclude endometrial pathology
• 5Discharge in a child — should always be evaluated by a provider
• 6Recurrent yeast infections (more than 4 per year) — assess for diabetes, immunosuppression

What you can do

• ✓Avoid douching — disrupts vaginal flora and worsens bacterial vaginosis
• ✓Wear breathable cotton underwear to reduce moisture
• ✓Complete the full course of antibiotics even when symptoms resolve
• ✓Use fragrance-free soaps around the vulva only — the vagina is self-cleaning
• ✓Inform sexual partners if diagnosed with an STI — treatment of both partners is necessary

Conditions that cause this symptom

Medications that may help

Treatment depends on the underlying cause. Always consult your provider before starting any medication.

Frequently asked questions