Nasal Congestion

What is it?

Nasal congestion occurs when the nasal mucosa becomes inflamed and the blood vessels dilate, reducing airflow. It is one of the most ubiquitous symptoms in medicine, caused most often by viral upper respiratory infections, allergic rhinitis, or vasomotor rhinitis. Chronic congestion may signal sinusitis, nasal polyps, or a deviated septum. Decongestant nasal sprays provide fast relief but cause rebound congestion (rhinitis medicamentosa) if used for more than 3–5 consecutive days. Intranasal corticosteroids are the most effective long-term treatment for allergic and chronic congestion.

Common causes

When to see a doctor

• 1Congestion with facial pain and pressure lasting more than 10 days without improvement
• 2One-sided nasal congestion, especially with blood-tinged discharge (possible polyp or tumor)
• 3Fever above 39°C with severe facial pain (bacterial sinusitis)
• 4Congestion with severe headache or visual changes
• 5Symptoms in a newborn or infant — nasal congestion can impair breathing and feeding

What you can do

• ✓Use saline nasal rinse (neti pot or spray) to clear mucus and moisturize passages
• ✓Inhale steam from a warm shower or bowl of hot water with a towel over your head
• ✓Sleep with your head elevated to reduce nighttime congestion
• ✓Use oxymetazoline (Afrin) for maximum 3 days — longer use causes rebound congestion
• ✓Identify and avoid triggers if allergic: use allergen-proof covers, HEPA filters
• ✓Stay hydrated to thin mucus secretions

Conditions that cause this symptom

Medications that may help

Treatment depends on the underlying cause. Always consult your provider before starting any medication.

Frequently asked questions