Nausea

What is it?

Nausea is a nearly universal human experience — a non-specific symptom with dozens of potential causes. It originates from the vomiting center in the brainstem, triggered by inputs from the gut, vestibular system, or higher brain centers. Common triggers include motion, pregnancy, medications, gastrointestinal infections, and anxiety. Identifying the pattern (timing, triggers, associated symptoms) guides diagnosis and treatment. Persistent or severe nausea always warrants evaluation.

Common causes

When to see a doctor

• 1Nausea with severe abdominal pain or a rigid abdomen
• 2Signs of dehydration: no urination for 8+ hours, dry mouth, extreme thirst, dizziness
• 3Vomiting blood or material that looks like coffee grounds
• 4Nausea after a head injury or with severe headache and stiff neck
• 5Inability to keep any fluids down for more than 24 hours
• 6Nausea in a diabetic patient — may signal a metabolic emergency

What you can do

• ✓Sip clear fluids slowly — water, ginger tea, or electrolyte drinks
• ✓Eat small, bland meals: crackers, toast, rice, bananas (BRAT diet)
• ✓Avoid strong smells, fatty or spicy foods, and alcohol
• ✓Try ginger in any form — ginger tea, candies, or capsules have clinical evidence
• ✓Rest in a seated or semi-reclined position; lying flat can worsen nausea
• ✓Fresh air or a cool environment often provides quick relief

Conditions that cause this symptom

Medications that may help

Treatment depends on the underlying cause. Always consult your provider before starting any medication.

Frequently asked questions