Swollen Lymph Nodes

What is it?

Lymph nodes enlarge when they are actively fighting infection or infiltrated by abnormal cells. Reactive lymphadenopathy from viral or bacterial infections (strep throat, mononucleosis, dental infections) is the most common cause and typically resolves within 2–4 weeks. Generalized lymphadenopathy (multiple node groups) raises concern for systemic infection (HIV, EBV), autoimmune disease (lupus, rheumatoid arthritis), or lymphoma. Hard, fixed, non-tender, or progressively enlarging nodes in an adult without clear infectious cause require prompt evaluation.

Common causes

When to see a doctor

• 1Lymph node that is hard, fixed, or non-tender — particularly concerning for malignancy
• 2Node that is rapidly growing or has been present for more than 4 weeks without explanation
• 3Swollen nodes accompanied by unexplained weight loss, night sweats, or persistent fever (lymphoma "B symptoms")
• 4Generalized swelling of multiple lymph node groups
• 5Swollen nodes with difficulty swallowing, breathing, or signs of abscess

What you can do

• ✓Most lymphadenopathy from common infections resolves on its own within 2–4 weeks
• ✓Warm compresses may reduce discomfort of tender cervical nodes
• ✓Track size, tenderness, and duration — useful information for your provider
• ✓Avoid squeezing or pressing on lymph nodes, especially if infected

Conditions that cause this symptom

Medications that may help

Treatment depends on the underlying cause. Always consult your provider before starting any medication.

Frequently asked questions