Wheezing

What is it?

Wheezing results from turbulent airflow through partially obstructed airways. The sound is typically most pronounced on exhalation and indicates narrowing anywhere from the large bronchi to small airways. Asthma and COPD are the most common causes. An acute onset of wheezing without a prior diagnosis may represent an asthma exacerbation, anaphylaxis, foreign body aspiration (especially in children), or heart failure. Wheezing with sudden onset, especially after eating or allergen exposure, may be a medical emergency.

Common causes

When to see a doctor

• 1Wheezing with severe shortness of breath, inability to speak in full sentences, or cyanosis — call 911
• 2New wheezing in someone without asthma or COPD
• 3Wheezing following insect sting, new medication, or food ingestion (anaphylaxis)
• 4Wheezing in an infant or child under 2 with rapid breathing and fever
• 5Wheezing that does not respond to a rescue inhaler within 20 minutes

What you can do

• ✓Keep rescue inhaler accessible at all times if you have asthma
• ✓Identify and avoid personal triggers (exercise in cold air, pollen, smoke, dust)
• ✓Practice pursed-lip breathing during mild episodes — slows breathing and reduces air trapping
• ✓Maintain a healthy weight — obesity worsens airway inflammation
• ✓Do not smoke and avoid secondhand smoke — the most impactful modifiable risk factor

Conditions that cause this symptom

Medications that may help

Treatment depends on the underlying cause. Always consult your provider before starting any medication.

Frequently asked questions