Cough

What is it?

Cough is a protective reflex coordinated by the cough center in the brainstem, triggered by irritation of the airways. Acute cough (lasting less than 3 weeks) is most often caused by upper respiratory tract infections. Subacute cough (3–8 weeks) often follows a post-infectious state. Chronic cough (more than 8 weeks) is most commonly caused by the triad of upper airway cough syndrome (postnasal drip), asthma, and GERD. A persistent cough in a smoker warrants evaluation for COPD or lung cancer. Cough in the context of ACE inhibitor use is a well-recognized drug side effect.

Common causes

When to see a doctor

• 1Coughing up blood or rust-colored mucus
• 2Cough with fever, night sweats, and unexplained weight loss
• 3Cough causing breathlessness or chest pain
• 4Chronic cough lasting more than 8 weeks
• 5New cough in a smoker, especially over age 40
• 6Wheezing or high-pitched sound with coughing

What you can do

• ✓Stay hydrated — fluids thin mucus and soothe irritated airways
• ✓Use honey (1–2 tsp) for cough relief — evidence supports it for adults
• ✓Humidify dry indoor air, especially in winter
• ✓Elevate your head at night if postnasal drip worsens cough when lying flat
• ✓Avoid smoke, dust, and other airway irritants
• ✓If on an ACE inhibitor and you have a new dry cough, tell your prescriber — this is a common side effect

Conditions that cause this symptom

Medications that may help

Treatment depends on the underlying cause. Always consult your provider before starting any medication.

Frequently asked questions