Headache

What is it?

Headache is one of the most common medical complaints worldwide. The vast majority are primary headaches — meaning they are not caused by an underlying disease — and include tension-type headaches, migraines, and cluster headaches. Secondary headaches result from conditions such as infection, hypertension, or medication overuse. Tension headaches feel like a band of pressure around the head, while migraines typically produce pulsating unilateral pain with nausea and light sensitivity. Accurate classification guides treatment.

Common causes

When to see a doctor

• 1"Thunderclap" headache — the worst headache of your life, coming on suddenly
• 2Headache with fever, stiff neck, confusion, or rash
• 3New headache after age 50 or after a head injury
• 4Headache that progressively worsens over days or weeks
• 5Headache with vision changes, weakness, or speech difficulty
• 6Headaches occurring more than 15 days per month

What you can do

• ✓Stay well hydrated — drink water before reaching for pain relievers
• ✓Apply a cold or warm compress to the forehead or back of the neck
• ✓Rest in a quiet, darkened room during a migraine attack
• ✓Keep a headache diary to identify personal triggers (foods, stress, sleep)
• ✓Limit caffeine intake and avoid sudden caffeine withdrawal
• ✓Maintain a regular sleep schedule and meal times

Conditions that cause this symptom

Medications that may help

Treatment depends on the underlying cause. Always consult your provider before starting any medication.

Frequently asked questions