Loss of Smell / Taste

What is it?

Loss of smell (anosmia) and taste (ageusia) are closely linked — most of what we perceive as taste is actually smell. COVID-19 brought these symptoms to widespread attention, as sudden anosmia became a hallmark early symptom. Other common causes include viral upper respiratory infections, nasal polyps, head trauma, and zinc deficiency. Taste distortion (dysgeusia) and smell distortion (parosmia — where normal smells become unpleasant) are particularly distressing post-COVID phenomena. Most post-infectious anosmia recovers within weeks to months; a minority experience persistent loss or distortion.

Common causes

When to see a doctor

• 1Sudden loss of smell without nasal congestion (COVID-19 red flag — test)
• 2Loss of smell persisting more than 2–3 months after an infection
• 3Loss of smell after head trauma
• 4Loss of smell in someone over 60 — can be an early sign of Parkinson or Alzheimer
• 5Smell loss with nasal bleeding, facial pain, or one-sided blockage
• 6Painful or distorted smell/taste causing significant distress or nutritional impact

What you can do

• ✓Smell training: sniff 4 distinct scents (rose, lemon, cloves, eucalyptus) twice daily for 3+ months — evidence-based for post-viral anosmia
• ✓Treat underlying nasal congestion, polyps, or sinusitis
• ✓Ensure adequate zinc intake (oysters, beef, pumpkin seeds, legumes)
• ✓Be cautious about food safety — you may not smell spoiled food
• ✓Mark gas appliances and use carbon monoxide detectors — you may not smell leaks
• ✓Parosmia (distorted smells) typically improves over months — dietary adjustment helps short-term

Conditions that cause this symptom

Medications that may help

Treatment depends on the underlying cause. Always consult your provider before starting any medication.

Frequently asked questions