Low Blood Pressure

What is it?

Hypotension is clinically significant when symptoms are present. Many people with blood pressure below 90/60 mmHg are asymptomatic and healthy. Orthostatic hypotension — a drop of ≥20 mmHg systolic upon standing — is the most common symptomatic pattern, particularly in older adults and those on antihypertensive medications. Acute severe hypotension may reflect shock (hypovolemic, septic, cardiogenic, neurogenic), requiring immediate treatment. Chronic low blood pressure is most commonly benign but may reflect dehydration, adrenal insufficiency, or autonomic dysfunction.

Common causes

When to see a doctor

• 1Sudden severe drop in blood pressure with weakness, pallor, rapid heart rate — medical emergency
• 2Recurrent lightheadedness or fainting upon standing — orthostatic hypotension evaluation
• 3Low blood pressure with ongoing medication changes for hypertension
• 4Hypotension with fever and signs of infection — sepsis risk
• 5Lightheadedness accompanied by nausea, weakness, and skin darkening (adrenal insufficiency)

What you can do

• ✓Increase fluid and salt intake (if medically appropriate) to raise blood volume
• ✓Rise slowly from lying or sitting — pause at the edge of the bed before standing
• ✓Wear compression stockings to reduce blood pooling in the legs
• ✓Eat smaller, more frequent meals — large meals can cause post-meal hypotension
• ✓Avoid alcohol and excessive heat — both cause vasodilation and worsen hypotension

Conditions that cause this symptom

Medications that may help

Treatment depends on the underlying cause. Always consult your provider before starting any medication.

Frequently asked questions