Muscle Pain

What is it?

Myalgia (muscle pain) can be localized (affecting one area after overuse or injury) or diffuse (affecting the whole body, typically with systemic illness or certain medications). Post-exercise muscle soreness (DOMS — delayed onset muscle soreness) peaks 24–72 hours after unaccustomed exercise and is normal. Diffuse myalgia accompanies many viral infections, including influenza and COVID-19. Persistent diffuse muscle pain — especially with fatigue and sleep disturbance — suggests fibromyalgia or statin myopathy if the patient takes cholesterol-lowering drugs.

Common causes

When to see a doctor

• 1Muscle pain with dark or cola-colored urine (rhabdomyolysis — medical emergency)
• 2Severe weakness or inability to use an affected limb
• 3Muscle pain with swelling, redness, and warmth in a limb (possible DVT)
• 4Diffuse myalgia in a patient taking statins — statin myopathy
• 5Muscle pain with fever, rash, or joint swelling
• 6Pain that persists more than a week without a clear cause

What you can do

• ✓Rest the affected muscles; avoid pushing through significant pain
• ✓Apply ice for acute injury (first 48 hours), then heat for chronic soreness
• ✓Gentle stretching and foam rolling improve circulation and speed recovery
• ✓Ensure adequate protein and hydration to support muscle repair
• ✓If taking statins and experiencing muscle pain, tell your doctor before stopping
• ✓Magnesium-rich foods (nuts, leafy greens, seeds) may help reduce cramping

Conditions that cause this symptom

Medications that may help

Treatment depends on the underlying cause. Always consult your provider before starting any medication.

Frequently asked questions