Tinnitus

What is it?

Tinnitus affects approximately 15% of adults and can be subjective (heard only by the patient) or, rarely, objective (audible to examiner). It is most commonly associated with noise-induced hearing loss or age-related hearing loss (presbycusis). In most cases tinnitus is benign, but it can be profoundly distressing and affect sleep, concentration, and mental health. New unilateral tinnitus, especially with hearing loss or dizziness, warrants audiological and ENT evaluation to rule out treatable causes.

Common causes

When to see a doctor

• 1Tinnitus that is sudden, unilateral (one ear), or pulsatile (beats with heartbeat)
• 2Tinnitus accompanied by hearing loss, ear pain, drainage, or vertigo
• 3Tinnitus that develops after a head or neck injury
• 4Tinnitus severely disrupting sleep, concentration, or mental wellbeing
• 5Tinnitus after starting a new medication — may indicate ototoxicity

What you can do

• ✓Use white noise machines, fans, or ambient sound apps at night to mask tinnitus
• ✓Protect your hearing with earplugs in loud environments — prevent further damage
• ✓Limit caffeine and salt — both can worsen tinnitus in some people
• ✓Practice relaxation techniques — stress and anxiety amplify tinnitus perception
• ✓Tinnitus retraining therapy (TRT) and cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) have evidence for reducing distress

Conditions that cause this symptom

Medications that may help

Treatment depends on the underlying cause. Always consult your provider before starting any medication.

Frequently asked questions