Ankle Pain

What is it?

Ankle pain is among the most common musculoskeletal complaints, particularly in athletes and older adults. Ankle sprains — most often lateral ligament injuries from inversion — are the most frequent cause of acute ankle pain. Chronic ankle pain may involve tendinitis (peroneal, Achilles), arthritis (osteoarthritis, gout, rheumatoid arthritis), or stress fractures. The Ottawa Ankle Rules provide clinical criteria to determine when ankle X-rays are needed to rule out fracture.

Common causes

When to see a doctor

• 1Inability to bear weight on the ankle immediately after injury — possible fracture
• 2Visible deformity, severe swelling, or bruising after trauma
• 3Ankle pain with sudden swelling at rest (not after injury) — DVT or gout
• 4Hot, red, swollen single joint — urgent evaluation for septic arthritis or gout
• 5Chronic ankle instability from recurrent sprains — may need rehabilitation or surgery

What you can do

• ✓RICE protocol for acute sprains: Rest, Ice (20 minutes on/off), Compression (wrap), Elevation
• ✓Begin gentle range-of-motion exercises within 48–72 hours after acute swelling subsides
• ✓Supportive footwear with adequate ankle support reduces re-injury risk
• ✓Ankle strengthening and proprioception exercises prevent recurrent sprains

Conditions that cause this symptom

Medications that may help

Treatment depends on the underlying cause. Always consult your provider before starting any medication.

Frequently asked questions