Knee Pain

What is it?

Knee pain is one of the most common musculoskeletal complaints in all age groups. The knee is a complex joint bearing significant load — each step transmits 1.5 times body weight across it. Acute knee pain in younger patients is most often due to ligament sprains, meniscal tears, or patellofemoral syndrome. In older adults, osteoarthritis is the leading cause. Location of pain within the knee (anterior, medial, lateral, posterior) is an important diagnostic clue. Many causes respond well to conservative care; however, locking, giving way, or significant swelling after injury suggests internal derangement requiring imaging.

Common causes

When to see a doctor

• 1Acute swelling immediately after an injury (possible ligament tear or fracture)
• 2Knee locking — inability to fully straighten or bend the knee (meniscal tear)
• 3The knee gives way or feels unstable during walking
• 4Hot, red, swollen joint with fever (septic arthritis — emergency)
• 5Pain severe enough to prevent weight-bearing
• 6Chronic pain not improving after 4–6 weeks of conservative care

What you can do

• ✓RICE: Rest, Ice (20 min on/off), Compression (knee sleeve), Elevation for acute injuries
• ✓Lose weight if applicable — each pound lost reduces knee load by approximately 4 lbs
• ✓Strengthen the quadriceps and hamstrings — stronger muscles protect the knee joint
• ✓Low-impact exercise (swimming, cycling, water aerobics) maintains fitness without joint stress
• ✓Use proper footwear with adequate cushioning and support
• ✓Physical therapy is extremely effective for both acute knee injury and chronic OA

Conditions that cause this symptom

Medications that may help

Treatment depends on the underlying cause. Always consult your provider before starting any medication.

Frequently asked questions