Loss of Appetite

What is it?

Loss of appetite (anorexia — not to be confused with anorexia nervosa, an eating disorder) is a non-specific symptom seen across virtually every category of illness. Acute appetite loss commonly accompanies infection, nausea, and medication initiation. Persistent anorexia — lasting weeks — combined with weight loss is a significant clinical concern warranting evaluation for malignancy, depression, GI disease, and chronic infection. Medications are a frequent, often overlooked cause. In elderly patients, even transient appetite loss can lead to rapid nutritional decline and frailty.

Common causes

When to see a doctor

• 1Appetite loss with significant unintentional weight loss (more than 5% in 6 months)
• 2Inability to eat or drink for more than 24 hours, especially with vomiting
• 3Persistent appetite loss for more than 2 weeks without explanation
• 4Loss of appetite with abdominal pain, jaundice, or change in bowel habits
• 5Appetite loss in an elderly person with progressive weight loss and fatigue
• 6Associated with extreme guilt around eating, body image distress, or purging behaviors

What you can do

• ✓Eat small, frequent meals (5–6 per day) rather than three large ones
• ✓Choose calorie-dense foods when appetite is low: nut butters, avocado, cheese, smoothies
• ✓Eat with others when possible — social eating increases appetite
• ✓Light exercise before meals can stimulate appetite
• ✓Address nausea first if it is the reason for not eating
• ✓If a medication is suspected, do not stop it without speaking to your provider first

Conditions that cause this symptom

Medications that may help

Treatment depends on the underlying cause. Always consult your provider before starting any medication.

Frequently asked questions