Painful Urination

What is it?

Dysuria — painful or burning urination — is one of the most common complaints in primary care, particularly in women. Urinary tract infections (cystitis) are by far the most frequent cause, presenting with burning, frequency, and urgency. Urethritis from sexually transmitted infections (chlamydia, gonorrhea) is an important cause in sexually active individuals. In men, prostatitis is a common cause of dysuria. Interstitial cystitis causes chronic bladder pain and dysuria without infection.

Common causes

When to see a doctor

• 1Dysuria with fever, chills, or flank pain — may indicate kidney infection
• 2Dysuria in a man — UTIs are less common and warrant evaluation
• 3Dysuria with unusual discharge from the urethra — consider STI
• 4Symptoms that do not resolve after a full course of antibiotics
• 5Recurrent UTIs (more than 2 per year) — requires further workup
• 6Dysuria in a pregnant woman — UTIs carry higher risk during pregnancy

What you can do

• ✓Drink plenty of water — dilutes bacterial concentrations and flushes the urinary tract
• ✓Urinate after sexual intercourse to clear the urethra
• ✓Avoid products that irritate the urethra: bubble baths, feminine sprays, spermicides
• ✓Wipe front to back after using the toilet
• ✓Cranberry products may reduce UTI recurrence in some women, though evidence is modest

Conditions that cause this symptom

Medications that may help

Treatment depends on the underlying cause. Always consult your provider before starting any medication.

Frequently asked questions