Vomiting

What is it?

Vomiting is a protective reflex coordinated by the vomiting center in the brainstem. It can result from gastrointestinal infections, motion sickness, medications, inner ear disturbances, pregnancy, or serious conditions such as bowel obstruction or increased intracranial pressure. Most acute vomiting resolves with supportive care; persistent or projectile vomiting requires medical evaluation. Dehydration is the primary concern, especially in children and older adults.

Common causes

When to see a doctor

• 1Vomiting blood (hematemesis) or material that looks like coffee grounds
• 2Signs of dehydration: extreme thirst, no urination for 8+ hours, sunken eyes
• 3Vomiting with severe abdominal pain, rigid abdomen, or high fever
• 4Vomiting that persists more than 24–48 hours without improvement
• 5Head injury followed by vomiting — may indicate intracranial pressure
• 6Vomiting in an infant that is projectile or associated with weight loss

What you can do

• ✓Sip clear fluids slowly (water, electrolyte drinks, broth) — avoid large gulps
• ✓Start with bland foods (BRAT diet: bananas, rice, applesauce, toast) once vomiting subsides
• ✓Avoid dairy, fatty, spicy, and sweet foods until fully recovered
• ✓Rest in an upright or semi-reclined position — lying flat may worsen nausea
• ✓Ginger (tea, ginger chews, capsules) has evidence for reducing nausea

Conditions that cause this symptom

Medications that may help

Treatment depends on the underlying cause. Always consult your provider before starting any medication.

Frequently asked questions