Pelvic Pain

What is it?

Pelvic pain is a common complaint, particularly in women of reproductive age. Acute pelvic pain may signal an emergency — ectopic pregnancy, ovarian torsion, or appendicitis require immediate care. Chronic pelvic pain (lasting more than 6 months) affects up to 15% of women and has diverse causes including endometriosis, interstitial cystitis, pelvic floor dysfunction, and IBS. A thorough evaluation including pelvic exam, ultrasound, and sometimes laparoscopy is needed to identify the cause.

Common causes

When to see a doctor

• 1Sudden, severe pelvic pain — may indicate ovarian torsion, ectopic pregnancy, or appendicitis (seek emergency care)
• 2Pelvic pain with fever, vaginal discharge, or pain during intercourse (PID)
• 3Pelvic pain in a sexually active woman with a missed period (rule out ectopic pregnancy)
• 4Chronic pelvic pain lasting more than 3–6 months that is affecting quality of life
• 5Pelvic pain with urinary symptoms, bloating, or rectal bleeding

What you can do

• ✓Apply a heating pad to the lower abdomen — effective for menstrual cramps and muscle-related pain
• ✓NSAIDs (ibuprofen, naproxen) taken at the start of symptoms, not after pain peaks, are most effective for dysmenorrhea
• ✓Track pain timing, duration, and relation to menstrual cycle to help with diagnosis
• ✓Gentle yoga and stretching can reduce pelvic floor tension
• ✓Avoid prolonged sitting — it increases pressure on pelvic structures

Conditions that cause this symptom

Medications that may help

Treatment depends on the underlying cause. Always consult your provider before starting any medication.

Frequently asked questions